human
largest building visible from space is a Chinese wall. This building, like a system of irrigation canals would not arise without a chance to mobilize millions of people and resources by the state . Although the investment was not fulfilled its task, but has developed thousands of experts from the construction of defensive fortifications, which reinvented the then civilian economy. Just as it once was a Chinese wall would not have been as a private incjatywa, so today, the longest bridge of the world, consists of 36 kilometers, crossing the Hangzhou Bay and connects Shanghai to Ningbo not have been as a private incjatywa. Overall, the bridge is the problem that, while many private companies are eager for the collection of tolls, so far no one wants to build a private bridge ;-) Private INITIATIVES never arise where the costs are huge, big risk of failure and recovery period with extremely long investment.
expedition of Columbus Logo Initiative is an interesting example of public-private . Spain's Queen Isabella Kastylińska funded from public money in 7 / 8 Columbus expedition and returned to the disposal of three small ships, expecting for himself the enormous material benefits. These benefits, although not quickly forthcoming, but from his first voyage, Columbus brought back gold, pearls and exotic birds, which led the English crown wanted more of these treasures and widely opened its treasury for investment in overseas expeditions. Rówież another celebrity to this day has not been the Magellan expedition sinansowana from private funds, but with public money by the King of Spain Charles V.
expedition of Columbus Logo Initiative is an interesting example of public-private . Spain's Queen Isabella Kastylińska funded from public money in 7 / 8 Columbus expedition and returned to the disposal of three small ships, expecting for himself the enormous material benefits. These benefits, although not quickly forthcoming, but from his first voyage, Columbus brought back gold, pearls and exotic birds, which led the English crown wanted more of these treasures and widely opened its treasury for investment in overseas expeditions. Rówież another celebrity to this day has not been the Magellan expedition sinansowana from private funds, but with public money by the King of Spain Charles V.
rail history, is also the history of public investment in transport. Few people know, but first transcontinental railroad was funded by the U.S. authorities with 30 year bonds and the support system of subsidies and transfers by the U.S. government ownership of land for the railway company. In Europe, the railroad was financed mainly with public money . Warsaw-Vienna Railway was built as a private incjatywa, but equally called to that company went bankrupt. Despite this, in 1843 the Government of the Kingdom of the Board called Iron Road Warsaw-Vienna that public money built the railroad. I wonder whether Gdynia had a chance to arise if the public was not incjatywą ?
first modern jet engine patented in 1930, Frank Whittle working for the RAF, but patent law has not helped the Englishman, and urged the private investment corporation British Thomson-Houston has agreed to put 60,000 pounds on research .-) What could not be an Englishman, made money Ernest Heinkel German taxpayers, who in 1939 completed work on a prototype jet, which was building on behalf of the Government of the Reich. This prototype has not found favor in the eyes of officials. Nevertheless, given the project with state money, and another money spent by foreign governments, provided the basis for the development of the aviation industry in its current form . Huge money dumped the governments just before and during World War II in the development of military aviation, after the war led to the creation of many companies and the development of civil aviation on an unprecedented scale, including the possible construction in 1952, the first civilian jet aircraft. Term I and II War world, has brought awareness to the private investors that there is a huge military transport needs that can handle private companies, on the occasion of satisfying the growing demand for civilian transport of passengers and cargo. After World War II most of the new civilian passenger and cargo aircraft was based on American bombers konstrucji , mainly B-29. Civil aviation industry would never have happened so did not develop if there were no-cost transfer of military technology, created by taxpayers' money to private companies operating for civil applications.
first modern jet engine patented in 1930, Frank Whittle working for the RAF, but patent law has not helped the Englishman, and urged the private investment corporation British Thomson-Houston has agreed to put 60,000 pounds on research .-) What could not be an Englishman, made money Ernest Heinkel German taxpayers, who in 1939 completed work on a prototype jet, which was building on behalf of the Government of the Reich. This prototype has not found favor in the eyes of officials. Nevertheless, given the project with state money, and another money spent by foreign governments, provided the basis for the development of the aviation industry in its current form . Huge money dumped the governments just before and during World War II in the development of military aviation, after the war led to the creation of many companies and the development of civil aviation on an unprecedented scale, including the possible construction in 1952, the first civilian jet aircraft. Term I and II War world, has brought awareness to the private investors that there is a huge military transport needs that can handle private companies, on the occasion of satisfying the growing demand for civilian transport of passengers and cargo. After World War II most of the new civilian passenger and cargo aircraft was based on American bombers konstrucji , mainly B-29. Civil aviation industry would never have happened so did not develop if there were no-cost transfer of military technology, created by taxpayers' money to private companies operating for civil applications.
During World War II, the German taxpayers' money, a project of the V1 and V2 rockets, and after the war, von Braun got suggestions not to reject the U.S. military. After władowaniu huge money to develop missile systems and space agencies, NASA, industry was military rocket and satellite telecommunications systems. These systems already in 1962 in a miraculous way "moved" to a civilian allowing the first television broadcast by satellite television done by Telstar. Later, the same thing happened with the electronics and the Internet. Also so popular today GPS is a privatized military technology , created with public money.
private investment problem is that they usually do not apply to investments in infraktrukturę . For this reason, when became apparent that the construction of a new backbone for the Internet in the U.S. for private money has no chance of reaching the effect , was founded in 1996, on a public-private partnership, konsorcjium Internet2 developing and implement networking technologies enabling fast data transfer. Polish equivalent of the Internet2 project also financed by taxpayers' money. For the same reasons we can not in Poland for 20 years wait for private investment in road and rail . This due to high costs and an equally high risk as few Polish companies investing in research and development of modern technology and without the support of the State nothing in this matter will not change . High risk and low return on investment is the reason why only a few per mille incjatywami highways is private and which are viable only because of the state system of incentives and subsidies.
soldier looks out the picture of private investment Cynic ;-) a new kind of night vision, allowing for eavesdropping on the walls of competition ;-) Or maybe he just looks out for us by the politicians promised higher pensions from pension funds? -)
We live in a world where the problem begins to see lack of energy. Private investors are reluctant jedak sector investment in new energy sources , but are demanding state subsidies and subsidies. Power using the ITER nuclear fusion occur as early as 2015 in Cadarache in southern France, at the expense of 15 billion U.S. dollars for the construction of lined and more than 5 billion research. The problem with such a promising technology fusion Palanga that private investors are generally not explained to dime, and almost all are funded with public money. Change is probably just after it turns out that you can earn this privatizing of public funds derived from the technology.
cynic cynically paraphrase - odbierzmy private investor the possibility of no-cost use of technology, infrastructure and discoveries made by taxpayer money, and then, quite the soberly, -) piejmy ode to the genius of private investors ;-).
your health in our throats! HansKlos, a private investor in the mayors bimbrownię ;-)
0 comments:
Post a Comment